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proxy, also known as proxy, also referred to as proxy or proxy server, is a server software that acts as a mediator between client and server over the internet. With no intermediary a user would make a request for an item direct to a server, and servers would deliver the resource directly back to the user. Although this method is easy to understand and implement, proxies can provide benefits such as improved security, performance, privacy and more. As a pass-through layer proxy acts as a gatekeeper of the internet between servers and clients.




In general, the bundled bundle of server hardware and proxy software is called proxy servers. But, this article will concentrate on proxy servers which are generally referred to as software, as well as those used to complement web servers. We will present a summary of the two types that are available, which is the forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each has its own usage scenario, which can be misinterpreted due to the similar terminology.




This article will provide you with an understanding of types of proxy services and what their subtypes are, as well as how they are useful for the most typical configurations. Through this article, will be able to recognize the scenarios where you could benefit from a proxy and identify the most suitable choice between reverse and forward proxy options in any given scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



A forward proxy, often referred to as the open proxy is an agent of users who want to send a request through the internet to an the server that originated it. In this situation, it's the case that all requests made by the client should be routed directly towards the forward proxy. The forward proxy, in the position of the customer, will look over the request. At the beginning, it will decide whether this client can accept requests via this particular forward proxy. Then, it will either decide whether to reject requests or redirect them to the original server. The client doesn't have a direct access to the internet It can only access the information that the forward proxy allows it access to.




The most common reason for using forward proxy services is to improve privacy or anonymity online. A forward proxy can be used to access the internet instead of clients. In the process, it uses an alternative IP address to the IP address that was originally used by the client.




Based on how it was set up according to how it was configured forward proxy may offer you a range of functions as well as the ability to:




Avoid tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can identify restrictions based upon your geographic place of residence.




Forward proxies can also be used in systems to provide central security, as well as permission-based access, like in a workplace. In the event that all internet traffic is routed via an open forward proxy, administrators can grant access only to specific individuals to access the web, which is then filtered by a typical firewall. Instead of having firewalls installed on the client layer that could comprise a variety of computers that have different users and environments, a firewall could be installed on top of an front proxy layer.




Remember that forward proxies have to be set up manually before they can be used to use them, while reverse proxies are able to not be noticed by the user. Based on the fact that an IP address for the user is sent to the server that generated it via the forward proxy privacy and anonymity may be granted or made transparent.




There are several options to take into consideration when it comes to forward proxy options:




Apache A well-known, open-source web server with forward proxy capability.


Nginx is another well-known open-source server for hosting websites with forward proxy capabilities.


Squid is an open-source forward proxy that uses the HTTP protocol. It's not the complete web-based server. Take a look at our guide on how to set up Squid proxy for private connection in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward proxy that uses the SOCKS protocol rather than HTTP to ensure it is more suitable for scenarios such as peer-to-peer traffic. You may also want to look at how you can set up Dante proxy to allow private connections in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy functions as an intermediary for a web server that handles the incoming requests of clients on its behalf. The web server could represent one or more servers. In addition, it could represent an application servers, such as Gunicorn. In all of these scenarios, the request for an application comes by a user who is on the internet at large. In most cases, the request will go directly to the website server that hosts the information the user is looking for. Contrarily, a reverse proxy functions as an intermediary in order to shield Web server from any direct interactions with the open internet.




From a perspective of the user's viewpoint, interfacing with reverse proxy is not any different from working with Web server in direct communication. It works similar to the web server and the client cannot discern the distinction. The client is able to request the resource and is then given it without any additional configuration required by the user.




Reverse proxy providers provide features such as:




Centrally secured for Web Server Layer.


Directing incoming traffic according to rules you have set.


A new feature for caching has been added.




While central security is a benefit of both reverse and forward proxy, reverse proxies provide this feature to their web server layer and not to the client layer. Instead of focusing on maintaining firewalls within the layer of web servers which may contain multiple servers with different configurations the majority of firewall security is focused on the reverse proxy layer. Also, the removal of the responsibility of interfacing with firewalls and responding to requests from clients via web servers allows them to concentrate on delivering the needs of their clients.




If there are multiple servers running through reverse proxy, the reverse proxy could also be accountable for directing the requests that are directed to which server. There could be multiple web servers that are serving identical resources, however each one offering a different type of services or a mixture of both. They can use an HTTP protocol to serve as a standard web server, but they can include protocols used by applications like FastCGI. It is possible to configure reverse proxy in order to redirect visitors to specific servers based on the kind of resource they're looking for, or follow certain guidelines regarding traffic load.




Reverse proxies also can make use of their position prior to web servers by delivering the capacity of caching. Large static assets can be able to be configured using rules for caching to avoid the web server from being hit on every request. There are solutions offering the option of providing static files directly without connecting to the web server in any way. Furthermore, the reverse proxy can manage compression of these files.




The renowned Nginx website server also a very popular reverse proxy option. While Apache can also be regarded as a reverse proxy option, the Apache web server is also equipped with reverse proxy features, it is a different option of Apache However, Nginx was originally designed and primarily focused on the reverse proxy feature.



The distinction is between Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use Examples



Because "forward" as well as "reverse" are associated with directionality as well as false comparisons with "incoming" or "outgoing" traffic, they can cause confusion since both kinds of proxies can respond to requests as well as responses. Better yet, the best method to differentiate between those proxies that are forward or reverse is to examine the needs of the application you're creating.




A reverse proxy can be helpful when building an application that connects web applications to the internet. They act as your servers when you interact using the internet.




Forward proxy can be helpful when put in front of the user for personal use or in a workplace setting. They act as your client's proxy every time you connect to the internet.




Distinguishing by use case in lieu of looking at the same naming conventions will make sure that you do not get confused.



Conclusion



This article defined what a proxy is along with two types of proxy, namely the forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Practical applications and an exploration of the benefits were utilized to distinguish between reverse and forward proxies. If you're interested in learning more about the use of proxies, you should read our tutorial on how to set up Nginx as web server as well as reverse proxy on Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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